Trilobite systematics, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Lower Ordovician Komstad Limestone and Huk Formations, southern Scandinavia
Abstract
The upper Arenigian to lower Llanvirnian Komstad Limestone Formation is a tongue of the Baltoscandian 'Orthoceratite limestone’, intercalated in the predominantly shaly Ordovician succession of Scania-Bornholm, southernmost Scandinavia. The Formation is 2-5 m thick on Bornholm, 10 to more than 15 m in southeastern Scania, 3 to more than 4.5 m in central western Scania, and from there thins towards northwestern Scania, where it wedges out. The stratigraphicallyequivalent Huk Formation of the Oslo area has been studied only at Slemmestad, where it comprises the 1.5 m thick Hukodden Limestone Member (Megistaspis Limestone’), the 4.4 m thick Lysaker Member (Asaphus Shale’), and the 2.6 m thick Svartodden Limestone Member ('Endoceras Limestone’). The 'Skelbro Limestone Formation’ of Bornholm is abandoned and merged with the Komstad Limestone Formation. The Killeröd quarry is proposed as a paratype section for the Komstad Limestone Formation. Based on collections of about 8000 trilobites, the Komstad Limestone and Huk Formations are assigned to the Zones of Megistaspis polyphemus (former M. lata), M. simon, M. limbata, Asaphus expansus, and A. 'raniceps’ of the Volkhov and Kunda Stages. The Komstad Limestone Formation is diachronous. The correlation of trilobite and graptolite zones is briefly discussed. The Yapeenian-Darriwilian boundary approximates the M. simon - M. limbata zonal boundary. The Arenig-Llanvirn boundary corresponds to a level slightly above base of the A. ‘raniceps’ Zone. Inferences on the autecology of the most common trilobite groups are summarised. Five recurrent trilobite biofacies are defined: the benthic assemblage succession Nileus--> Geragnostus-->Symphysurus-->Megistaspis represents a depth transect, whereas the Cyclopyge assemblage was pelagic. The correlation of palaeoenvironmental changes as revealed by the alternation of biofacies, i.e. ecostratigraphy, improves stratigraphical resolution significantly. A relative-sea-level curve is reconstructed on this basis. The deposition of the Komstad Limestone and Huk Formations was connected to a series of sea-level falls, shifting the limestone deposition stepwise into the western facies belts. Systematic descriptions are presented of Ampyx, Asaphus, Cnemidopyge, Dysplanus, Globampyx, Hallanta, Illaenus, Lonchodomas, Megistaspis, Nileus, Niobe, Ottenbyaspis, Panderia, Parillaenus, Raymondaspis, and Stygina, including eighteen new species and subspecies, viz. Megistaspis (Megistaspis) geminus n.sp., Nileus depressus schranki n.subsp., N. d. serotinus n.subsp., N. d. parvus n.subsp., N. planiceps n.sp., N. latifrons n.sp., N. implexus n.sp., Niobe (Niobe) tjernviki n.sp., Lonchodomas volborthi schmidti n.subsp., Dysplanus acutigenia vetustus n.subsp., Illaenus fornicatus n.sp., I. schuberti n.sp., Lonchodomas tenuis n.sp., Rhombampyx fratern.sp., Raymondaspis (Turgicephalus) whittingtonin.sp., R. (T.) neglecta n.sp., R. (Raymondaspis) scitula n.sp., and R. (R.) insignis n.sp. Nineteen forms, including several new species, are treated under open nomenclature.
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References
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