English abstract

Across Social Divides: Training of Professional Social Workers in Russia, 1840–1905

The article examines in a context of social-economic and political conditions the emergence of an embryonic system of professional training within the field of social services in Russia in the period 1840 to 1905. Because of widespread poverty and increasing migration due to overpopulation in rural areas and incipient industrialization, there was a growing need for training in and professionalization of social assistance. Based on archival studies, the author analyses the role of representatives of the state, as well as of various philanthropic, pedagogical-educational and scientific associations and societies, in the formation of courses and professional training. It is found that it was nationwide charities that first attempted to introduce more professional training. Up to the 1905–07 revolution, due to the lack of a clearly formulated social policy, the state did not actively coordinate the various efforts or regulate the profession. Nevertheless, significant and valuable experience that came to play an important role in the further development of the field was accumulated during this period.

Keywords: charities, Russia, professionalization, social work, training